托福阅读题型当中，总结题一道，而且是出现在最后一道，此时时间已剩不多，这又是一道多分大题，很多考生会很紧张，特别是文章重点信息已经忘记，甚至有可能原文看得不是很明白，都会影响总结题的答案选择。如果抓住总结题答案的特点，考生会发现它其实并没那么难，即便原文看得不是很懂，一样可以做出答案。既然是总结，那就意味着答案得是文章主旨，或是主旨内容的一个分支。对于小结题，最大的难点在于要区别开主旨的分支和细节。本文是由沈阳托福培训通途国际英语的Trista老师为同学们总结的，希望对托福备考的同学有所帮助。我们以下面两道题为例
WINSLOW HOMER
Winslow Homer, one of the most prominent nineteenth-century painters, was responsible for raising watercolor to Its position as an important medium in American art. Homer was s master of watercolor, and his best watercolor paintings equal his larger oil paintings in both structure and intensity. Through long practice, Homer understood and exploited the requirements of watercolor, which he applied where most appropriate-to the recording of immediate experience. He had great powers of visual analysis and never looked at a scene without seeing its underlying structure.
Some of Homer's watercolors of the Adirondack woods, with their complicated weaving of vertical tree trunks against a background of deep autumnal tones, are demonstrations of masterful completeness. In one particular Adirondack painting, The Blue Boat (1892), all elements come together with perfect unity: me deep blue of the boats hull, the green and gold landscape, the alertness of the fishermen, the brilliant clouds and their reflections on the water. Furthermore. Its design unites the structural elements with the artist's enjoyment of marking and coloring the paper-all are blended as though In a single moment of vision and action.
The painter Winslow Homer made watercolor an important medium in American art.
A. Homer was a master of watercolor and used it to record immediate experience.
B. Homer is best known for his dramatic oil paintings of seascapes.
C. His understanding of structure is shown in watercolors of masterful completeness
D. Winslow Homer was born in Massachusetts in 1836,
E. The Blue Boat is a watercolor painting of fishermen in a boat on the water.
F. Upper's Adirondack watercolors combine structural elements and color in perfect unity.
解析：文章的主旨很容易抓住，即对Winslow Homer 和其贡献的介绍
A C F 很明显讲的是Winslow Homer和water color之间的联系。
B 不是oil painting D 原文没有提及的信息 E 是某个水彩的作品内容，属于细节
CULTURAL EVOLUTION
The history of life is the story of biological evolution on a changing planet, and at no time has change ever been as rapid as In the age of humans. The evolutions of humans and their culture has had enormous consequences, making humans a new force in the history of life.
Cultural evolution has occurred in stages, beginning with the nomads who hunted and gathered food on the African grasslands two million years ago. These hunter-gatherers made tools, organized communal activities, and divided labor. Next came the development of agriculture m several pans of the world 10 to 15 thousand years ago. Agriculture Jed to permanent settlements, the first cities, and trade among societies. An important cultural leap was the Industrial Revolution, which began in the eighteenth century. Since then, new technology has escalated exponentially, and so as the human impact on the planet.
Throughout this cultural evolution, from simple hunter-gatherers to high-tech societies, humans have not changed much biologically. Our knowledge is stored not in our genes but in the product of thousands of years of human experience.
Cultural evolution has enabled us to defy our physical limitations and shortcut biological evolution. We no longer have to wait to adapt to our environment through natural selection; we simply change the environment to meet our needs. We are the dominant species of life and bring environmental change whatever we go.
Cultural evolution has made humans a new force in the history of life.
A. Biological evolution is the most important force in the history of life.
B. There have been a several stages in the evolution of human culture.
C. The development of agriculture 10 to 15 thousand years ago resulted in permanent settlements, the first cities and trade
D. Human technology has advanced rapidly, increasing the human role in environmental change,
E. Cultural evolution has allowed humans to change their environment, thus avoiding the need for biological evolution.
F. Humans are changing the world faster than many other species can adapt.
解析：文章的主旨，即人类文明史上的进化
B D E 讲的都是人类进化的某个阶段与人类的关系。
A Biology是最重要的，意思有偏差 C 属于农业改革的细节 F 文中没有提及的信息
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